Recent research from the University of Eastern Finland highlights the significant role that social support plays in shaping health, wellbeing, and survival in later life. Drawing on two complementary studies, the findings show that older adults with access to adequate social support tend to live longer and enjoy a higher quality of life, including those who rely on home care services. Together, the studies reinforce the idea that social relationships are a core component of healthy ageing rather than a peripheral benefit.
The first study examined how different dimensions of social support predict mortality among older adults over a long period. Using 21 years of follow-up data from the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia study, the researchers found that both general and health-related social support were associated with a reduced risk of death. On average, older adults who reported having access to social support lived approximately two years longer than those who did not. These findings provide strong longitudinal evidence that social support has a measurable and lasting impact on longevity.
An important insight from the study concerned the source of support. Older adults who received support only from relatives were found to have a higher mortality risk than those whose support networks also included friends, neighbours, and colleagues. This suggests that diverse social ties offer unique protective benefits beyond family relationships alone. Broader networks may enhance emotional wellbeing, provide practical assistance, and foster social engagement, all of which can contribute to better health outcomes in later life.
The researchers also identified an unexpected age-related pattern. Individuals under the age of 70 who lacked general and health-related social support faced a higher mortality risk than their counterparts aged over 70. As noted by Doctoral Researcher Catherine Kayonga, this finding challenges common assumptions that social support becomes most critical only in advanced old age. Instead, it suggests that insufficient support earlier in later adulthood may have particularly harmful consequences.
The second study focused on the quality of life among older adults with increased care needs who receive home care services. Using survey data from the Old-age Social Exclusion in Home Care – Prevalence, Meanings & Intervention project, combined with administrative records, the researchers found a clear association between social support and better quality of life. Older adults with more substantial social support reported higher levels of wellbeing, while those with limited backing experienced poorer quality of life.
In addition to social support, psychological wellbeing and functional ability were key factors. Lower levels of depression and better ability to carry out daily activities were linked to improved quality of life. Higher educational attainment was also associated with better outcomes, while difficulties with activities of daily living were linked to declines in wellbeing. Overall, the findings emphasise the importance of addressing older adults’ social needs alongside their physical health. They also point to the value of policies and interventions that promote social connections throughout the life course, supporting not only longer lives but better lives in old age.
More information: Catherine Kayonga et al, Association Between Social Support and Quality of Life: Cross-Sectional Study Among Older Adults Receiving Home Care Services in Finland, Home Health Care Management & Practice. DOI: 10.1177/10848223251385092
Journal information: Home Health Care Management & Practice Provided by University of Eastern Finland
