An international study featured in Nature Mental Health has identified three distinct psychological profiles that correlate with varying cognitive and brain decline patterns in ageing. Conducted by David Bartrés-Faz and his team at the University of Barcelona and the Institut Guttmann Barcelona Brain Health Initiative, the research analysed data from over 1,000 middle-aged and older adults. It revealed that specific psychological traits within these profiles could influence the risk of developing dementia and affect brain decline rates and sleep quality. These insights could help tailor more personalised prevention strategies.
The study underscores the necessity for detailed psychological assessments in ageing adults to identify unique psychological profiles. This would enable the implementation of more targeted and personalised behaviour change strategies to mitigate dementia risk. Bartrés-Faz highlighted that traditionally, psychological risk and protective factors have been studied in isolation—a method that may overlook the interplay of these characteristics.
The findings indicate that a balanced psychological profile, combining moderate protective factors and lower risk factors, correlates with better mental, cognitive, and brain health across all age groups. In contrast, profiles with minimal protective traits or high-risk traits like distress and negative thinking showed poorer cognitive outcomes, more significant brain atrophy, and less healthy lifestyle adherence.
The research suggests potential for future interventions that could modify psychological factors and lifestyle choices to prevent cognitive decline. Specifically, tailored psychological therapies could be developed for individuals based on their psychological profile to enhance cognitive and mental health.
More information: David Bartrés-Faz et al, Psychological profiles associated with mental, cognitive and brain health in middle-aged and older adults, Nature Mental Health. DOI: 10.1038/s44220-024-00361-8
Journal information: Nature Mental Health Provided by University of Barcelona
