According to recent findings from Oregon State University, believing in your potential to age into a healthy, active individual significantly shapes the likelihood of that becoming a reality. Shelbie Turner, a doctoral candidate at OSU’s College of Public Health and Human Sciences and a co-author of the study, emphasizes the strong correlation between our perceptions of our future selves and the eventual reality of our old age.
Historically, research into ageing has demonstrated that individuals’ self-perceptions at 50 can forecast many health outcomes decades later, including cardiovascular health, memory, balance, the desire to continue living, the frequency of hospital visits, and even death rates.
“Studies have indicated that those who maintain a positive outlook on ageing at 50 tend to outlive their less optimistic counterparts by an average of 7.5 years,” noted Karen Hooker, who also contributed to the study and held the Jo Anne Leonard Petersen Endowed Chair in Gerontology and Family Studies at OSU.
Hooker and Turner’s research delved into what shapes these critical self-perceptions of ageing, focusing on two key elements: the belief in one’s capacity to achieve their desired future self (self-efficacy) and a generally optimistic personality trait.
The study analyzed responses from older adults on their agreement with various statements about ageing and optimism. Additionally, the participants listed two “hoped-for” and two “feared” selves, evaluating their confidence in achieving or avoiding these potential futures.
The “hoped-for” selves often encompassed aspirations like maintaining a vibrant social life and staying physically healthy, while “feared” selves included scenarios such as chronic illness, dependence on others, or becoming irritable and isolated.
The findings confirmed the hypothesis that a higher level of optimism correlates with a more positive self-view of ageing. Moreover, both the efficacy in achieving “hoped-for” selves and avoiding “feared” selves played a significant role in shaping these perceptions, independently of innate optimism.
A critical aspect of how individuals perceive their ageing process is the internalization of ageist stereotypes, which range from beliefs about older adults’ driving capabilities to cognitive and physical limitations. These stereotypes start influencing perceptions as early as childhood and, if unchallenged, may negatively impact individuals’ health behaviours and attitudes towards ageing.
The study suggests combating ageist stereotypes through fostering intergenerational relationships, allowing younger generations to witness the fulfilling lives many older adults lead. This exposure can help dismantle negative stereotypes and encourage a more optimistic view of ageing, highlighting the abilities and contributions of older adults rather than focusing solely on potential declines. By promoting these positive interactions, society can work towards a more nuanced and hopeful perspective on ageing, benefiting individuals across all age groups.
More information: Shelbie G. Turner et al, Are Thoughts About the Future Associated With Perceptions in the Present?: Optimism, Possible Selves, and Self-Perceptions of Aging, The International Journal of Aging and Human Development. DOI: 10.1177/0091415020981883
Journal information: The International Journal of Aging and Human Development Provided by Oregon State University
